Management and Organization Free Essays

Does a strong organizational culture and organizational commitment increase the overall of a firm? Illustrate a real life example to support your arguments. Introduction For choosing this topic for the essay ,It is because organizational culture is the heartbeat of a firm. It determined the way the firm run and the self-value of the founder and the main value of the company ,After reading this essay people can easily under stand the two main element: management practice and innovation and risk taking. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now And also knowing how the way this two values bring good influence of high performance . The main objectives in the essay is to show people what is the connection between organizational culture,strong organizational culture and commitment of the organization and how they are closely related to the overall performance of a firm. During the essay , theory is there to support the ideas . And to connect the two task we first need to know about organizational culture and the role of it in a company, then we need to understand how does strong culture bring influence to a organizational commitment and how are these three task increase the overall performance of the firm. To present the issues about the organizational culture,strong organizational culture and organizational commitment there is a real -life example explaining that those three factors that could bring good influence to IKEA, a well known global furniture company from Sweden and explain the theory base on the company dynamic. First this essay will examine some background information about the firm, to help readers to understand more detail about how those three factors influence the corporate. Background information of IKEA IKEA was found in 1943 as a mail order company in a small village in the southern part of the Sweden a place called Smaland. . The founder of IKEA is called Ingvar Kampala,and he stared to deliver with a van to the train station, . IKEA has started to use catalogue for selling and provided a place that customer can be use and touch in the 1950s. The company’s three main traits were function, quality , and low price. IKEA started to but their goods from the eastern part of the Europe because of the supply problem. In the 1960s, IKEA opened a storehouse in Stockholm for customers to serve them self , IKEA had turned a difficult problems as a special selling way . By now IKEA has develop over 150 shops around the worldKling;Goteman,2003) . Organizational Culture To analyses how strong corporate culture bring the influence to improve the overall performance,Firstly,identifying corporate culture is the first step to start with. Although organizational culture was definite in variety of ways and aspect,many people think that organizational culture is a group of values, beliefs ,ways of working ,principle ,behavior and attitude that share by all of the member and the image of the company. In the other hand,corporate culture should be considered as the correct way that the things to be done and solution of solving the problems in the firm. The culture of the organization also help the managers to make decision by providing better ways to think, feel and take reaction because the culture of the firm is concluded by experience of the elders of the firm. For new employees,culture is the correct way that to react ,so ,culture can continues corporate survival and development. (sun,2008) The function of the organization culture is another key point , first to build up the feelings to people that they are belonging to the firm and personal commitment along the firm, Secondly, creating a competitive edge to enable the members (especially to new members) in the organization to well understand acceptable behavior and social system stability (Sun,2008). Therefore, a excellent company need to have a strong corporate culture which can attract , keeping and prized employees to behave good , achieving goals and performance as a role model for others. And strong culture always being professionalism and co-operation in the services of common values(Sun,2008). For IKEA, there organizational culture it’s a very informal type ,the culture is based on some values that roots in Smalandish or Swedish culture. And things like informality and cost awareness and a â€Å"down to earth earth â€Å"approach. Also letting their employee to be responsible ,during the communicate and training for the new staff there are a few of values and intention held by IKEA that they always mention about. For IKEA, the firm have the thought that organizational culture is a very important part in running a business. It have been focus on our sales, development and also of marketing. (Kling and Goteman,2003). But having a simple culture is not enough and can not fulfill the condition to achieve success, so a Strong organization culture is needed to increase the performance of the firm. Benefit of strong organizational culture Every company are assuming to have a â€Å"Strong Culture† , which is always definite as which key value are deeply and widely hold and also bring strong influence among the members of the organization. Culture is a hidden forces that can provides meaning and direction, that is system that can share the meaning, belief and values that can ultimately affect employees behavior, so is much obvious in strong organizational culture. The performance benefit from strong culture are ,Firstly,general consensus and recognition of corporate values and norm help with the social control inside of the firm, people are broadly agree that the specific acts are more appropriate that others , invasion of behavior will be found out much quickly and corrected faster, and the correction may be usually come from the employees come from different department and different hierarchy. Therefore,social control can reduce the cost and much efficiency that the formal control,. Secondly,the strong organizational culture improve the goals alignment with clear organizational goals and practice, less uncertainty may happen to the employees and they could know how to react with unexpected situations , it also conductive with the coordination, there are less debate chances for different parties in the firm about the best interest. At last , strong organizational culture enhance employees performance and enthusiasm, because they think that they are free to chose what they want(Jesper B. 2002). For IKEA the CEO of the firm that name Anders Dahlvig thinks that â€Å"culture has to have some baring on and support the business idea or very important part of a company ion the senses that the values of the culture really influence the business itself. †Some certain factors need to be much stronger in some of the countries like cost consciousness in China. commitment of the organization Organizational commitment have it’s important place ,base on the knowl edge f organizational culture we would know that corporate culture shapes people’s behavior , and it had also brings big influence in organization, particularly in areas such as performance and commitment. Organizational Commitment is always known as the mentally strength of the attachment between an organizational and the employees, and also refer to the willingness of employee to put their time and energy to their corporate , other than the purely working relationship. According to Lahiry(1994), there was a model that organizational commitment is mixture with three element: affective, continence and nominative commitment that have brings lots of influence. According to Moradi, Hassan and Tohidy Ardahae ,affective commitment is build by three feature, that are belief and accept the organization’s goals and value,willing to put effort to achieve the goals and value of the corporate and desire to maintain the membership of the corporate. Continence commitment is that how many the firm need to pay for if the employee leave the firm. Nominative commitment means that employees feelings about bound of remaining the firm. According to Lahiry(1994), â€Å"practitioners should pay special attention that defensive culture patten were found to be positively related to continence commitment. † A high scale of continence commitment may tired up the employee to the firm. In the example of IKEA, the CEO ,Anders Dahvig said that in different countries and market there are different of the values ,national boundaries is not the main attention, It is more about personal , some of the time the difference between one store and another can be even bigger than the store between one country and another, how is the individual managers doing is much more important, because of the different level of the commitment the employee hold, it really influence the culture. Putting attention on culture is to be fair when you are hiring people, you assess and choose a person, then when the operation go on, you will know that a typical of behavior will be prized and it is the way to streamline . And employee can analyses if the value of the company is suitable for them or not. So the staff who leave are the people that having the organizational commitment . Overall performance For the organizational culture numbers of the research also show that to assume thepresence of a â€Å"strong† culture as a positive influence on orporate performance . According to Han(2012) , an analysis show that the impacts of types of organizational culture affects on corporate performance , showing that family-like clan culture and the entrepreneurial Adhocracy culture had a good influence on the growth of the financial performance. It also show that a strong ,appropriate culture brings effect on the financial performance . The relationship between them are direct, howe ver it always bring effect of strategic orientation. So if the managers put more time and effort a much stronger culture it will improve there performance through increasing interest in culture that employees will like, so the organizational commitment will certainly increase. In IKEA, they allow lots of freedom depending on their employee that who they are and what their specific skills are basing on their core culture value and they had try to connect there culture with their company image, and they also wants the leaders in the IKEA , build up their own style basis on there organizational culture. They also build there selling points base on one of their culture-cost consciousness, they are not the traditional furniture company that had target their customers as middle age people, but on the young families and young people that has low financial foundation and the furniture has to be assemble by yourself. For Organizational commitment, according to Lam (2011), â€Å"that salespeople’s dispositional competitiveness relates to their discretionary performance and that affective commitment mediates that relationship†. It had also provided more details evidence that competitive salespeople commit more emotionally to their corporate when they think their work atmosphere to be more competitive. That study show that affective commitment is another mediator, which helps to clarification why competitive employee are willing to perform discretionary activities behalf of organizations and customers. That findings had show that hiring person that share the same value and goals with the organization is important and affective commitment helps to explain why competitive individuals make good employees. The impact of a competitive personality on affective commitment is always interrelated , it explain that competitive individuals feel emotionally attached to the organizations. In IKEA, there were a lot of co-workers in the company, but there are some turnover of staff that affected in the company, so IKEA need to hire 20,000 new staff into the firm every year , they should get training to met customer basis on the value of the firm, it help the firm to build up their culture strongly and connected them the corporate image. They are also selected during the recruitment that share the same value as IKEA, Increasing the organizational commitment ,so the firm can decrease the percentage of turnover and reduce the expense on training new staff , and the loyalty of the employee will improve . The relationship between employee and organization is not purely working relationship. IKEA also give questionnaire to their co-workers of the feeling of the firm , and try to improve the satisfy of their employees. Conclusion For conclusion , strong organizational culture and organizational commitment have bring improvement to the overall performance of the firm , in management and financial . Strong organizational culture is the organizational culture that had been widely and deeply held by their employees , it help the corporate to improve their financial performance, For IKEA,they allow freedom to their leader to build their own management style basis on the value of their company ,they are also building their core value as there products selling points. Organizational commitment is a mentally strength of the attachment between the employee and the organization, it help the organization to decrease there staff turnover and reduce the expense on training, so strong organizational culture and Organizational commitment has increased the overall of the firm and people can understand much easily basing on the example of IKEA. References Daniel I. Prajogo, Christopher M. McDermott, (2011),†The relationship between multidimensional organizational culture and performance†, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 31 Iss: 7 pp. 712 – 735 Han, H. J. (2012). Corporate Culture, Strategic Orientation, and Financial Performance. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53  (3), 207– 219. Hassan, M. Tohidy Ardahaey, F. (2012). The Role of Emotional Intelligence in  Organizational  Commitment  . social science research network,  . Jesper, B. The Strength of Corporate Culture and the Reliability of Firnn Performance. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kling, K. Goteman, I. (2003). IKEA CEO Anders Dahlvig on international growth and IKEA’s unique corporate culture and brand identity. Academy o/ Management Executive, 17  (1). Lahiry, S. (1994). organization cultures, research studies Building organizational commitment through Organization culture. training and development, Lam (2011). Impact of compe titiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance  . Journal of Business Research,  1328-1334. Lim, B. (1995). Examining the organizational culture and organizational performance link. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 16  (5), 16-21. Sun, S. (2008). Organizational Culture and Its Themes. International Journal Of Business and Management, 3  (1). Zabid, M. D. , Sambasivan, M. Johari, J. , The influence of corporate culture and organizational commitment on performance. Journal of Management Development,  . How to cite Management and Organization, Papers

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva free essay sample

Victor McKusick of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,who is considered the father of Medical Genetics. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare and disabling genetic condition of congenital skeletal malformation and progressive heterotopic ossification (HO), is the most catastrophic disorder of (HO) in humans. FOP causes immobility through progressive metamorphosis of skeletal muscle and soft connective tissue into a second skeleton of heterotopic bone. FOP is extremely rare with a worldwide prevalence of approximately one in a two million. There appears to be no ethnic, racial, gender or geographic predisposition. When observed, genetic transmission is autosomal dominant and can be inherited from either mother or father. Clinical features that define FOP patients are malformation of the great toes; and progressive HO in specific spatial patterns. There are two different type of FOP atypical and classic. FOP patients appear normal at the time of birth except for the characteristics malformation of the great toes which are present in all affected patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the first decade of life, children with FOP develop painful and highly inflammatory soft tissue swellings (or flare-ups) that transform soft connective tissues, including aponeuroses, fascia, ligaments, tendons and skeletal muscles, into an armament like encasement of bone. Ribbons, sheets and plates of heterotopic bone replace skeletal muscles and connective tissues through a process of endochondral ossification that leads to permanent immobility. Minor trauma such as intramuscular immunizations, mandibular blocks for dental work, muscle fatigue and blunt muscle trauma from bumps, bruises, falls or influenza – like illness can trigger painful new flare-ups of FOP leading to progressive HO. Patient with atypical form of FOP have been described. Surgical attempts to remove heterotopic bone commonly lead to episodes of explosive and painful new bone growth. Classic FOP is caused by a recurrent activating mutation in the gene ACVR1/ALK2 encoding Activin A receptor type I , a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor. FOP is commonly misdiagnosed as aggressive juvenile fibromatosis, lymphedema or soft tissue sarcomas. If clinical suspicion of FOP early in life on the basis of malformed great toes can lead to early clinical diagnosis and the avoidance of harmful diagnostic and treatment procedures to the patient; however plain x-rays can substantiate the presence of HO. Experts believe that 80% or more of the cases are misdiagnose and its prevalence may be much higher than known causing a great deal of pain and suffering for FOP patients and their families. At present, there is no cure for FOP. A high-dose corticosteroids treatment is indicated as first-line treatment within the first 24 hours of a flare-up. Most patients with FOP are required lifelong assistance in performing activities of daily living to prevent falls and avoid high-risk circumstances. For patients all the restriction of activity compromises their independence and result unacceptable on most cases, but due to the progressive immobility and severe weight loss may result following ankylosing of the jaw, as well as pneumonia and right-sided heart failure from thoracic insufficiency syndrome FOP patients need assistance. The lifespan of a patient with FOP is approximately 40 years of age and commonly die of complications of thoracic insufficiency syndrome. â€Å"Cause and cure† have always been the guiding principles in FOP research, while the mutation that causes classic FOP has been discovered, much work still remains to discover the exact genetic, cellular and molecular mechanism by which this mutation leads to the complex disease phenotype of skeletal malformations and use that knowledge to develop effective treatments and eventually a cure. The FOP gene discovery gives people with FOP great hope for the future. UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital http://www. ucsfbenioffchildrens. org/conditions/fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva/ International Fibrodysplacia Ossificans Progresiva Association http://www. ifopa. org/what-is-fop/history-of-fop. html National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2424023/

Evolution Essays (2510 words) - Molecular Biology,

Evolution Evolution, a process of change through time, is what links together the enormous diversity of the living world. A lot of evidence is present that indicates that the earth has had a very long history and that all living things arose in the course of that history from earlier, more simpler forms. In other words, all species have descended from other species and all living things share common ancestors in the past. Basically, organisms are what they are because of their history. Today there are many theories and possibilities related to evolution which contribute to our understanding of the process. Our planet was born 4.6 billion years ago as a great cloud of dust and gas condensed into a sphere. As gravity pulled this great cloud tightly together, heat from great pressure and radioactivity melted the planet's interior and most of its mass. For millions of years after this, strong volcanic activity all over the planet shook the earth's crust. At the same time, the earth was showered by a very strong meteor shower. From studying volcanoes, it is known that eruptions pour out carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and other gases. It is also known that meteorites carry water, in the form of ice, and many carbon containing compounds. That might suggest that the combination of volcanic activity and a constant shower of meteorites released the gases that created the Earth's atmosphere. Geologists believe that the earth's early atmosphere contained water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. It also may have contained ammonia and methane. It did not contain oxygen, which is the main reason why the Earth could not have supported life. As for oceans, they couldn't have existed at first because the Earth's surface was extremely hot. But about 3.8 billion years ago, the Earth's surface cooled enough for water to remain a liquid on the ground. Thunderstorms wet the planet for many years and oceans began to fill. This is known because the earliest sedimentary rocks have been dated to that time period. Miller and Urey were two scientists who attempted to explain the origin of life on Earth without referring to any supernatural events. They performed an experiment that suggests how the Earth's atmosphere might have formed. Miller mixed "atmospheric" gases (hydrogen, methane, ammonia, and water vapor) in a sterile glass container and charged them with energy by adding electric sparks to them. The electric sparks resembled lightning at the time of the Earth's formation. After about a week, the mixture turned brown and was found to contain amino acids. This organic compound produced in this experiment was efficient in knowing how the Earth's early atmosphere formed. That is because it was successful in producing some of the building blocks of nucleic acids under geologically relevant conditions. A question that puzzled scientists was how could all this have started in the first place. It is noted that amino acids and nucleic acids stick to the structures of clay crystals. By being held together in a regular pattern on clay crystals, these molecules combine to form proteins and polynucleotides. Other researchers not that some kinds of RNA can join amino acids into protein chains without help from protein enzymes. Some forms of RNA can copy themselves and can actually edit other RNAs by adding and deleting nucleotides. These experiments support another hypothesis that RNA, rather than DNA, functioned as life's first information storage system. According to this hypothesis, life based on RNA have started when RNA fragments began to copy and edit themselves and assemble proteins. As time passed, these RNAs could have evolved to the point where they produced protein enzymes that took over the work of bringing about chemical reactions. Later, storing genetic information could have similarly been passed on to DNA. In this way, over thousands of years, RNA, DNA, and proteins could have evolved into the complex system that characterizes life today. Discovering that RNA can act as a catalyst, makes it easier to imagine how life began. According to Bruce M. Alberts, "One suspects that a crucial early event was the evolution of an RNA molecule that could catalyze its own replication". That makes it very obvious why it is possible that RNA was the first molecule that could replicate. These molecules then diversified into a group of catalysts that could assemble ribonucleotides in RNA synthesis or accumulate lipid-like molecules to form the first cell membranes. This clearly suggest how the first membranes could have formed. Fox and his co-workers attempted to find an answer, to the origin of membranes and prokaryotes,

The impact of studying abroad on graduate employability

The impact of studying abroad on graduate employability Introduction The United Kingdom’s government policies promote the development of higher education. The government advocates for the increment of the catchment population for higher education and growth of proportions of labour market entrants with degrees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of studying abroad on graduate employability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Government policies may lead to the increase in the supply of graduate labour. The media and society in the UK continue to castigate the government over several employment policies. Education analysts underscore a mismatch between higher education graduates and the labour market in the UK (Harvey, 2011). The mismatch leads to scepticism over the reliability of government investment in higher education (Varghese, 2008). Analysis of the graduate labour market Many research studies do not reveal the value of knowledge and skills of university graduates in the labour market. Literature reviews fail to reveal how employers make use of the wide pool of resources available to them. Indicators disregard the effect of the expansion of higher education on the status of employment prospects in the labour market (Parey and Waldinger, 2011). Research reveals a decline in employment opportunities in UK’s leading firms. In 2011, statistics indicated an increment of the employers’ graduate recruitment by about 2.8% and 12.6% in 2010. This aspect happened in the aftermath of the 17.8% falls in 2009 and about 6.7% in 2008. The accounting and professional services’ companies noted the largest decline of vacancies in 2012. Government agencies revealed a decrease of investments and bank employments by about 1200 positions as compared to the average targets. Employment bureaus recorded an improvement in the state of the 2013 hiring season with employers expected to increase graduate recruitment by about 2.7%. This res earch indicates that the biggest recruitment vacancies are likely to be realised in the public sector employers, engineering, industrial companies and retailers. Studies show an increase in the proportion of recent graduates who do jobs that require lower skills than their training. Research data reveals a 26.7 per cent increase in underemployment among UK graduates.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This fact means that one out of every four graduates feels the effects. Statistics indicate an increase of about 41 percent or 438,000 of unemployed graduates. The sum of these graduates currently stands at about 1.5 million people (UK National Statistics, 2013). Britain’s statistics shows one student studying abroad for every 15 British students. However, the British government is starting an initiative to tackle this imbalance of foreign study. Today, few Britis h students, study abroad. Statistics do not assess the number of full-time students outside UK. The Erasmus program of study and the work placements abroad indicate that about 13,622 students study outside the UK. A recent study by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit reveals that about 1 out of 12 graduates is jobless 6 months after graduating from university. In addition, the study revealed that the number of former students in non-graduate jobs was on the rise by about 6% in 2012 (UK National Statistics, 2013). Employability of overseas graduates versus domestic ones About one out of six employers reveals that students who study abroad are more employable than UK graduates. Employers indicate that studying abroad gives students more professional experience than graduating in the UK. About 65% of the employers indicate that having foreign experience increases the employability of graduates. This paper concurs with the view that studying abroad improves a student’s empl oyability. Students who study abroad learn skills and knowledge that employers look for in prospective staff. This aspect leads to the development of international careers (King and Ahrens, 2010). A report by the Council for Industry and Higher Education (CIHE) indicates that graduates from foreign universities find it easy to work in diverse cultural environments. They also have the necessary language skills required in diverse work contexts. Employment policies focus on the supply of human resources to the labour market rather than the demand for it. They fail to capture the outlook of employability. In most cases, they overlook the state of graduate demand to competitive job positions where graduates desire to join.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The impact of studying abroad on graduate employability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The manner in which employers recruit and manage graduate talent remains to be a pertinent issue in the UK. This issue may persist as the number of graduates leaving institutions of higher learning rises. Graduates continue losing their relevance in competitive jobs. The flexible and open nature of the labour market and labour policies are not favourable to the graduates leaving universities in the UK. Certain employers may embrace the idea of students who study abroad because of their unique attitudes and creativity. The employers may discriminate against UK’s graduates in employment opportunities. This inequality in the employability between graduates from the UK and overseas ones may continue until policy formulators enact measures of absorbing the graduates entering the labour market. UK higher learning institutions may face a limitation in their aptitude to develop the employability of students in contrast to foreign institutions of higher learning. Issues concerning the employability of graduates may have minor effects in labour market projections (Teichler and Janson, 2012). Skills and knowledge acquired by overseas students Students who study abroad acquire different skills and knowledge that enhance their value in business organizations and governments. The skills include a comprehensive grasp of global issues and an understanding of diverse cultures. Organizations seek graduates with international knowledge and global cognisance. Employers value students that possess the initiative to explore different settings. Students who study abroad acquire fundamental perspectives of world issues. They can understand issues of globalization, poverty, social inequity, gender issues, development and the environment in a practical manner. Learning abroad may lead to rapid development of language skills. Studying overseas enhances one’s eloquence. Language skills enhance intercultural competency, understanding, research and thematic appreciation. In addition, they promote the development of research skills, observation, cultural analysis and oral histories.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More University graduates in the UK have an appealing position in the economic development of the country. Job analysts disagree over the performance of UK’s graduates when they enter the labour market. Graduates who hold an elite social occupation cluster in society can fulfil their potential through career development. Inequalities within the UK labour market may continue to inhibit the potential of graduates. UK’s graduates do not apply their skills and knowledge in the labour markets. The analysts underscore discrepancies between applicable knowledge in the labour market and that acquired in higher education institutions. This notion makes graduates lose focus of the investment gained from universities and colleges. Graduates who study abroad are likely to secure diverse types of jobs in the labour market. These graduates can work as foreign policy experts, multicultural professionals, tour guides, historians, language experts, heritage professionals and senior managers . Their employability can be linked to the skills they develop while learning abroad. Most employers prefer hiring students with relevant skills to the labour market (Holmes, 2008). The probability that graduates from abroad can work in a foreign country Studying abroad increases graduates’ likelihood of working in a foreign country. International business organizations look for graduates who possess an open perspective to global issues. This aspect gives foreign students an advantage in the job market as compared to local graduates (Saunders et al., 2009). Employers propose that graduates who study abroad possess a better understanding of cultural issues. The students can interact with global customers of diverse cultural backgrounds. This factor makes them adopt an international appeal. It also makes their integration into a multicultural environmental easier than domestic graduates. Job applicants need to exercise a global dimension in their thought patterns. This thinking can only develop when students study or work abroad (McQuaid and Lyndsay, 2012). In addition, students who study overseas find working outside their country easier as compared to those who study in the UK. This idea makes UK’s graduates less competitive in the international labour market than their overseas counterparts (Keep and Mayhew, 2011). Surveys reveal that students who study abroad have high optimism for securing lucrative jobs at senior positions. In addition, they express the opinion that they can spend a short period looking for jobs than students who study in the UK (Elias and Purcell, 2009). Disadvantages of overseas graduates A number of disadvantages can be linked to overseas studies. The UK produces the best home-grown graduates in the world. Students studying abroad may not benefit from the home-grown pool of resources essential in the workplace. They may fail to acquire the British work ethics and soft skills essential for career development in the UK. Empl oyers look for the skills and knowledge of an individual’s professional formation. Therefore, they may measure the qualifications of students who study abroad against those of the UK graduates. The evaluation may gain accreditation and rank among the top standards in the UK. The assessment may provide negative results for UK graduates based on the reasons evaluated in this paper (Hakim, 2010). Conclusion Studying abroad has fundamental implications on employability for graduates. The transformation of students from higher education into the labour market can be a complicated process. Students need to understand the rationale of studying abroad and how to approach the contemporary labour market. Therefore, they need to learn to develop their profiles and credentials through learning at the appropriate institutions. Recommendations Many employers agree that students who study and work abroad possess rich experiences in terms of their skills and knowledge. Students need to embra ce opportunities of studying abroad as means of improving their employability and career prospects. Job applicants must exhibit a wide pool of skills and knowledge to enhance their employability in the job market (Brown Hesketh, 2009). British Universities need to encourage students to study abroad in order to gain valuable experiences from diverse settings. References Brown, P Hesketh, A, 2009, The Mismanagement of Talent: employability and jobs in the knowledge-based economy, Oxford University Press. Oxford. Elias, P. Purcell, K 2009. The Salaries of Graduates in their Early Careers: researching graduate careers seven years on’. Research Paper No. 4, ESRC/IER’, University of West of England Warwick University, Warwick Institute for Employment Research. Hakim, C 2010. Lifestyle and Work Choices in the 21st Century: Preference Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Harvey, L 2011,   â€Å"Defining and Measuring Employability†, Quality in Higher Education , Vol.7. No. 2. pp. 97-109. Holmes, L 2008, â€Å"Reconsidering Graduate Employability: the graduate Identity approach†, Quality in Higher Education, Vol. 7. No. 2. pp. 111-119. Keep, E Mayhew, K 2011, The Economic and Distributional Implications of Current Policies on Higher Education, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 20. No. 2. pp. 298-314. King, R Ahrens, J 2010, International student mobility literature review, final report, Higher Education Funding Council for England, Bristol. McQuaid, R Lyndsay, L 2012, â€Å"The concept of employability†, Urban Studies, Vol. 43. No. 2. pp. 197-219. Teichler, U Janson, K 2012, â€Å"The Professional value of temporary study in another European country: employment and role of Ex ERASMUS learners†, Studies in International Education Journal, Vol. 11. No. 3. Pp.486-495. Parey, M Waldinger, F 2011, â€Å"Studying abroad and the effect of international labour market mobility: evidence from the introduction of Erasm us†, Economic Journal, Vol.121. No.551. Pp. 194-222. Saunders et al 2009, Research methods for business students (6th edition), Pearson education, New Jersey. United Kingdom National Statistics, 2013, Labour Market. Web. Varghese, N 2008, Globalization of higher education and cross-border student mobility, UNESCO/ International Institute of Education Planning, Paris.

Film Analysis of Gandhi Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film Analysis of Gandhi - Movie Review Example From the film, Gandhi has the vision of taking up Indian independence (Attenborough, 1982). He is seen to abandon all the worldly belongings for the struggle for Indian independence (Attenborough, 1982). Despite the numerous resistances, he is more determined to win the freedom of his people without shedding innocent blood. Gandhi, can in this instance be described as a visionary leader (Attenborough, 1982). Ability entails the leader being conversant with the job at hand, and have up to the minute skills of formulating plans that allow for completion of the task at hand (Curtis &Manning, 2003). In the event that the leader is not able to deal with the employees and the organization at large, then disrespect from the employees is bound to occur, as the followers are always in anticipation of tough decisions from the leaders (Curtis &Manning, 2003). Even in times when Gandhi was jailed and faced a lot of opposition from the South Africans, he did not forget to confirm to his followers, that the Indian population is a frustrated and an oppressed lot, and that they have to strive for their rights. It is this leader with ability that led the Salt March in 1930 (Attenborough, 1982). Curtis &Manning (2003) say that enthusiasm in leaders is vital for attracting the followers to the challenges of the organization, and accepts the same challenges. This enthusiasm triggers goal-directed actions, and ultimately the entire organization is directed towards one goal of attaining results (Curtis &Manning, 2003). Gandhi is no doubt an enthusiastic leader who first faces oppression; jail terms, but later comes up with ashrams, villages where people share resources communally, without fear of intimidation (Attenborough, 1982). Twenty two years into the fight for independence, Gandhi had managed to get a backing for his role in the

Work, People and Productivity Mgt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Work, People and Productivity Mgt - Essay Example These include; Preoccupation with failure, sensitivity to operations, reluctance to simplify interpretations, deference to expertise and commitment to resilience. People in HRO work in recognition of the high risk environments and occupations. In order to enhance productivity and reliability the HRO must carry out self-assessment and evaluation. These characteristics provide a guide to the thinking and mindfulness in the organization (Weick & Sutcliffe, 2001). It is important to recognize that policies and manuals in an organization constantly change; the HRO should be mindful and be sensitive to the complexity of the systems and environment of the HRO. The HRO should quickly work to identify and anomalies and problems and quickly eliminate potential problems. As an HRO it is important to always be aware and have updated information on the state of the systems and processes in the organization. This is key to identifying possible problems and preventing them (Weick & Sutcliffe, 2001). It is important that the HRO offer concrete and detailed explanation and documentation of processes in the organization. Simple explanations to processes and activities are not ideal for proper diagnosis of problems in the organization. This eliminates the problem of not knowing what’s going on in the organization until it’s too late. Concise and clear explanations of processes improve reliability and productivity of the organization (Weick & Sutcliffe, 2001). Failures and errors are bound to occur in any HRO, it is the roles of the HRO to identify, predict and eliminate possible catastrophes rather react to them. An HRO constantly keeps in mind that they might have omitted something that might put the organization at risk. This should be viewed as opportunities to improve current systems by determining weaknesses, examining

School counseling website review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

School counseling website review - Essay Example In specific, the researcher has carried out critical analysis of different websites related to school counseling, and this paper now includes discussion of related concepts and personal perspective regarding the same.Particularly, school counseling, a vital constituent to students’ accomplishment is a ‘comprehensive program that helps students learn through personal/social development inside the school setting.’ In this regard, analysis of Columbia Public Schools’ website (CPS, 2011) indicated that professional school counselors have a smallest of a master's stage in school counseling. In alignment to help the development of all scholars, they have introduced a broad variety of therapeutic interventions in the form of a ‘comprehensive school improvement plan’ (CPS, 2011) encompassing school guidance on topics, for instance, parent involvement, high qualified staff, and governance that will enable the schools to improve their efficacy on a five- year planning. Besides Columbia, review of website of Massachusetts Department of Education (MDESE, 2011) identified their efforts on different aspects of counseling, such as disquiet administration, assembly and one-by-one counseling, vocation checking and designing, parent and educator discussion, and advocacy for schemes change. Research on this website showed that these services have been playing a critical role in advancing students’ learning success. ... different assessment procedures such as ‘ELPA (English Language Proficiency Assessment), MEAP-Access (alternate assessment based on modified academic achievement), etc’ (MDE, 2011). Another website included during the review was of the Education Trust (2011) that seems to be advocating the significance of school counseling in an efficient and interactive manner by components of Transforming School Counseling, such as â€Å"guidance curriculum, counseling, vocation development, conferring, coordination of assets, authority and advocacy, advancement of a protected and polite weather, responsibility, administration of lawful and ethical matters, and expert development† (Education Trust, 2011). Moreover, scrutiny of the Education Trust’s website pointed that this occupation has amplified and refocused over the 100 years to rendezvous the desires of scholars, they have evolved a kind of interventions. The four prime interventions encompass ‘counseling, lar ge-group guidance, discussion, and coordination’ (Education Trust, 2011). Although counselors enlisted in this website for one-by-one counseling with scholars, it would be inefficient, if not unrealistic, for counselors to supply one-by-one counseling to large figures of students. Consequently, the same website (Education Trust, 2011) indicated that assembly methods have been evolved to rendezvous certain characterized scholar desires, for example, contending with end wedding ceremony, evolving an affirmative body likeness, or advancing communal skills. Moreover, the website has emphasized importance of large-group guidance, which boosts educators to incorporate guidance data into their living curricula, comes to an even larger number of students. In addition, consulting and collaborating with educators,