Essay on Learning Communities and Motivations - 876 Words

Learning communities and Student Motivations A learning community is a setting in which individuals within the community have the same goals, common relationships, and show concern for one and other. Learning communities are very important, and as teachers we need to be able to make our classroom a productive, great and fun learning community in order for our students to be engaged. Students need to be engaged at every part of the day, lesson and even assignments. Creating a positive learning community it is not an easy job. Teachers need to be prepared for anything in the classroom. Having a positive community setting can help a lot, because students need to know that teachers expect more from them. Teachers need to make children be†¦show more content†¦I want to let them know that they are all champions and that they are the best. I believe that students need to have positive attitudes and of course this world its not perfect, we know that not everyone will be happy and ju mping out of their seats of excitement in math class, but we need to make the best out of it, by helping them understand and facilitate their work, by scaffolding them thru the assignments and discussions. Making modifications is ideal, to deal with different types of learners. If a lesson is not going quite well we as teachers need to be prepared for everything! Let’s say for instance you have been working on a lesson for weeks and weeks, but that day your students are just not getting the concept, or they are not working together towards reaching the objective, we need to make modifications. Even though you spent all those weeks working on an exciting unit plan or activity we always have to have a â€Å"plan B†. Another way modification is used in the classroom is by not necessary changing everything, but changing a little the assignment or whatever its that you are working on. Modifications may also be made in the setting, for instance if a whole group discussion is not going well, you can modify it by having the students break into groups; helping each other. We can also help different type of students by making simple accommodations, for example having visual around theShow MoreRelatedForeign Language Learning Motivation As An Integrative Factor1506 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Foreign language learning is mandatory in some states in elementary and secondary education in the United States. During higher education, some students take language learning class at the bachelor level, however, graduates students do not follow this tendency. At the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, I have realized that the students who pursue the M.S.Ed. Program in International Educational Development incline to take a language learning course even if the programRead MoreMotivation And Motivation For Second Language Learning1418 Words   |  6 PagesMotivation occurs in classroom settings but it can occur outside the classroom such as in the community where the learner is living. If a learner observed others speaking the language proficiently around them, then the language learner will be motivated to learn the second language and communicate it proficiently. According to Lightbrown and Spada (2013) defines motivation in second language learning as a â₠¬Å"complex phenomenon† and contains two factors: learners’ communicative needs, and their attitudesRead MorePersonal Statement : Motivation And Motivation986 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I think about motivation, I think about what drives me to do something or what my goal might be when I have a task to complete. For me, motivation might come from that extra prayer that I say during the day or it might be the feeling of accomplishment when I have checked off all of the items on a to do. I look for motivation in my surroundings, whether that is friends, faith or even my students. I also look for motivation within myself, maybe searching for the motivation to tackle a task thatRead MoreThe Effect of Motivation on Language Learning Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of motivation has been the subject of many studies and is considered a crucial determinant of successful achievement in the field of language learning. A motivating learning environment has to support the education process. It generates learning initially and later will guide the process of acquiring a target language (Cheng Dornyei, 2007). Teachers have long recognized that motivation is centered to problem-solving in education. Motivation is the key factor in getting students involvedRead MoreChromebook Research Paper1330 Words   |  6 Pagescreated Google Classrooms for all the teachers in the district to help with creating a more 21st century learning environment for students. However, the district is lacking in professional development around technology integration. This training TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION OF GOOGLE CLASSROOM FOR EDUCATORS 8 will focus on using the most effective theories of adult learning, motivation, and technology integration currently available. Methods For this professional development trainingRead More What Causes Teenagers to Lose Motivation in School? Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Causes Teenagers to Lose Motivation in School? missing works cited Some reasons for high school student academic failure, which range from drug use to individual student insecurity, can be plainly traced to the nature of adolescence. Social acceptance and a desire to belong to a crowd are placed above academics in the minds of teens. When academic underachievement is the norm, devoted students may come under ridicule as being nerds or teachers pets. There is a difficulty, thereforeRead MoreContinuing Academic Success1112 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancements in their chosen career fields. It provides the opportunity to keep current with ideas, techniques, and advancements that are being made in their area of employment. We will address the importance of setting achievable goals, the importance of learning styles in academic success and the validity of ethics and academic integrity in helping to achieve continuing academic and professional success. Setting Goals Distinct, clearly defined goals that can be measured will allow a person to take prideRead MoreASL Challenge Paper1016 Words   |  5 Pagesperplexed by the difficulty that must have come with making a language solely from hands. It is amazing that there was a nationwide speaking of the hands for the deaf community and anyone who is interested to learn can join in easily, but only if they can hoop over some of the languages major challenges. In the article â€Å"Why is Learning American Sign Language a Challenge?† by Professor Mike Kent, he discusses the top 5 ASL challenges he has come across. The first challenge being social dominance patternsRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives Curriculum931 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Learning theories are used to develop curriculums that explain learning models used in education. These models help simplify education from the earliest stages of childhood through formal education. This paper will explore the learning theories and how they can be applied in developing a curriculum for learning and teaching language. The curriculum will include the epistemology, motivation, and methods of learning Cognitive Jean Piaget and John Dewey helped develop the theory ofRead MoreEssay on Educational Psychology1202 Words   |  5 PagesTopic (Unit 10 – Question #3) How would you as a teacher encourage intrinsic motivation in students? Intrinsic Motivation nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Intrinsic motivation can be defined as â€Å"motivation associated with activities that are their own reward† (Perry 2003). It is motivation that stems from your inner feelings and views which feed your desires to accomplish and perform. Oppositely, extrinsic motivation is â€Å"motivation created by external factors such as rewards and punishments† (Perry 2003)

The Progression of Gender Roles in American Society Essay

The Progression of Gender Roles in American Society Throughout life every man and woman fits into a specific gender role. We are told what is expected of men and women from birth until death. Many people influence our view of how we should act and what we should say such as our parents, friends, and even the media. Males and females play very different roles and these differences are apparent in our every day lives. These differences are not the same as they used to be. Society has changed the way it treats men and women over time. Around the beginning of the 20th century men and women had very specific gender roles. Women in the past were usually looked at as the homemaker types. Very few women had jobs of any type during this†¦show more content†¦They could not strive to be better and they could not challenge the way society thought. This is simply not the case today. Our society has advanced to the point where there are not such defined boundaries on what a woman can achieve. Many women have accomplished achievements that early 20th century women didn’t even dream about such as voting. Voting was a right gained by women in 1920. The 19th amendment says that â€Å"the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.† This was a great victory for women. Also, women work much more now. Women are doing jobs that were historically reserved for men such as the military. Another area that women are thriving in now is sports. In the early 20th century you would never hear of women participating in sports on any level. Today women’s sports are plentiful. Women have achieved a lot over the last century. Men of the present day aren’t automatically viewed as a head of the household type figure. Men these days often share the responsibility of earning an income for the family. They also help with things such as cooking and shopping. We have progressed a lot as a society. No longer are women stuck at h ome cooking and taking care of children. Now, more than ever, women have the same opportunities to achieve just as much men. There are no jobs that men do that women can’t. Women can vote, playShow MoreRelatedSummary : Muller V. Oregon1540 Words   |  7 Pagesjudiciary actions taken only reinforce gender formations- once again attacking the plea for equal opportunity. Because of this alarming backlash in societal equity, the Supreme Court’s decision should be deemed unjust. Although the case recognizes the significance of employee rights in the workforce, the decision is restricted to the sole protection of female workers and only reiterates the hegemonic and patriarchal ideologies that attack the progression of socio-gender equality through legislative actionRead MoreMass Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation and give entertainment to a broad audience for relatively some time. In many ways, the use of television has helped const ruct the overall understanding of society. What we visualize on television ultimately replicates the â€Å"realities of life†. The messages/images demonstrated on the air depict underlying customs sought out by society that are most reputable to the viewers. However, with such a powerful tool comes offsetting material that may be exposed to the public; ultimately causing the manipulationRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Yellow Wallpaper1511 Words   |  7 PagesWith the establishment of a distinctive American culture, writers began rejecting traditional literary techniques and found a platform in which they could embrace literary techniques that would allow for more realistic, unconventional writing. This switch in literary writing is known as the realism movement. Realism is characterized by embracing aspects of the average American’s life and society which allows for the average American to relate and connect with the writing. Through realistic writingRead MoreHow M edicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 PagesMedicine Changed American History Most American citizens would agree that modern medicine has drastically changed American Society. The progression of medicine has impacted American lives in multiple ways. It has changed how the United States military uses medicine, how American scientists research medicine, and how everyday American citizens use medicine. Just 100 years ago, the people of the time period would not have been able to comprehend the medical advances that today’s society experiences, andRead MoreEssay on Historical Roles of Men and Women in Leadership1231 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership gender roles might actually start to make sense. The previous sentence was not an error in thought or printing. Much of modern analysis of gender perspectives in leadership and the roles of men and women seem to forget the thousands of years of history and the more recent, evolution of gender equality, which has taken place to get to where we are at present day. The key word is evolution; we are slowly but stead ily evolving into a better and more efficient society through gender equalityRead MoreEssay about Historical roles of men and women in leadership 1217 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership gender roles might actually start to make sense. The previous sentence was not an error in thought or printing. Much of modern analysis of gender perspectives in leadership and the roles of men and women seem to forget the thousands of years of history and the more recent, evolution of gender equality, which has taken place to get to where we are at present day. The key word is evolution; we are slowly but steadily evolving into a better and more efficient society through gender equalityRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 Pages1960’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workplace and counteracting the submissive roles assigned to women in the 1950’s. These political battles for gender equality have left lasting footprints on today’s society by gi ving women opportunities previously unattainable. Still, the fight for women’s rights is far from over, as today’s females face a new struggle involving the media. With the rapid progression of modern technology has come the immensely degrading trend of objectifying women. Women’sRead MoreA Historical Perspective: The Wage Gap1586 Words   |  7 PagesFor several decades, most American women occupied a supportive, home oriented role within society, outside of the workplace. However, as the mid-twentieth century approached a gender role paradigm occurred. The sequence of the departure of men for war, the need to fill employment for a growing economy, a handful of critical legal cases, the Black Civil Rights movement seen and heard around the nation, all greatly influenced and demanded social change for human and women’s rights. This momentous periodRead MoreAs J.R.R. Tolkien Once Wrote In His Book The Return Of1064 Words   |  5 Pagesand above. It has only been in the past one hundred years that women have had the right to vote in the United States. The law has mostly equalized the judicial system in the eyes of all Americans but public and individual opinion is still a barrier for true equality. Racial, sexual, religious, political and gender stereotypes cause tension between people and make it hard for a place like America which is so diverse to be equal. Things like men are rapists, police are racist for killing black peopleRead MoreGender Stereotypes : The Way Men And Women Act1368 Words   |  6 Pages Through the media, American culture stigmatizes the way men and women act by portraying masculine men as only capable of being tough, unemotional, and protective; likewise, femininity envelopes nurturing, submissive, and unobtrusive characteristics. Though these stereotypes are different, the generalizations inflict the same social limitations towards men and women in personal freedom in employability and behav ior. Modern American stereotypes stem from the beliefs of older generations

Management and Organization Free Essays

Does a strong organizational culture and organizational commitment increase the overall of a firm? Illustrate a real life example to support your arguments. Introduction For choosing this topic for the essay ,It is because organizational culture is the heartbeat of a firm. It determined the way the firm run and the self-value of the founder and the main value of the company ,After reading this essay people can easily under stand the two main element: management practice and innovation and risk taking. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Organization or any similar topic only for you Order Now And also knowing how the way this two values bring good influence of high performance . The main objectives in the essay is to show people what is the connection between organizational culture,strong organizational culture and commitment of the organization and how they are closely related to the overall performance of a firm. During the essay , theory is there to support the ideas . And to connect the two task we first need to know about organizational culture and the role of it in a company, then we need to understand how does strong culture bring influence to a organizational commitment and how are these three task increase the overall performance of the firm. To present the issues about the organizational culture,strong organizational culture and organizational commitment there is a real -life example explaining that those three factors that could bring good influence to IKEA, a well known global furniture company from Sweden and explain the theory base on the company dynamic. First this essay will examine some background information about the firm, to help readers to understand more detail about how those three factors influence the corporate. Background information of IKEA IKEA was found in 1943 as a mail order company in a small village in the southern part of the Sweden a place called Smaland. . The founder of IKEA is called Ingvar Kampala,and he stared to deliver with a van to the train station, . IKEA has started to use catalogue for selling and provided a place that customer can be use and touch in the 1950s. The company’s three main traits were function, quality , and low price. IKEA started to but their goods from the eastern part of the Europe because of the supply problem. In the 1960s, IKEA opened a storehouse in Stockholm for customers to serve them self , IKEA had turned a difficult problems as a special selling way . By now IKEA has develop over 150 shops around the worldKling;Goteman,2003) . Organizational Culture To analyses how strong corporate culture bring the influence to improve the overall performance,Firstly,identifying corporate culture is the first step to start with. Although organizational culture was definite in variety of ways and aspect,many people think that organizational culture is a group of values, beliefs ,ways of working ,principle ,behavior and attitude that share by all of the member and the image of the company. In the other hand,corporate culture should be considered as the correct way that the things to be done and solution of solving the problems in the firm. The culture of the organization also help the managers to make decision by providing better ways to think, feel and take reaction because the culture of the firm is concluded by experience of the elders of the firm. For new employees,culture is the correct way that to react ,so ,culture can continues corporate survival and development. (sun,2008) The function of the organization culture is another key point , first to build up the feelings to people that they are belonging to the firm and personal commitment along the firm, Secondly, creating a competitive edge to enable the members (especially to new members) in the organization to well understand acceptable behavior and social system stability (Sun,2008). Therefore, a excellent company need to have a strong corporate culture which can attract , keeping and prized employees to behave good , achieving goals and performance as a role model for others. And strong culture always being professionalism and co-operation in the services of common values(Sun,2008). For IKEA, there organizational culture it’s a very informal type ,the culture is based on some values that roots in Smalandish or Swedish culture. And things like informality and cost awareness and a â€Å"down to earth earth â€Å"approach. Also letting their employee to be responsible ,during the communicate and training for the new staff there are a few of values and intention held by IKEA that they always mention about. For IKEA, the firm have the thought that organizational culture is a very important part in running a business. It have been focus on our sales, development and also of marketing. (Kling and Goteman,2003). But having a simple culture is not enough and can not fulfill the condition to achieve success, so a Strong organization culture is needed to increase the performance of the firm. Benefit of strong organizational culture Every company are assuming to have a â€Å"Strong Culture† , which is always definite as which key value are deeply and widely hold and also bring strong influence among the members of the organization. Culture is a hidden forces that can provides meaning and direction, that is system that can share the meaning, belief and values that can ultimately affect employees behavior, so is much obvious in strong organizational culture. The performance benefit from strong culture are ,Firstly,general consensus and recognition of corporate values and norm help with the social control inside of the firm, people are broadly agree that the specific acts are more appropriate that others , invasion of behavior will be found out much quickly and corrected faster, and the correction may be usually come from the employees come from different department and different hierarchy. Therefore,social control can reduce the cost and much efficiency that the formal control,. Secondly,the strong organizational culture improve the goals alignment with clear organizational goals and practice, less uncertainty may happen to the employees and they could know how to react with unexpected situations , it also conductive with the coordination, there are less debate chances for different parties in the firm about the best interest. At last , strong organizational culture enhance employees performance and enthusiasm, because they think that they are free to chose what they want(Jesper B. 2002). For IKEA the CEO of the firm that name Anders Dahlvig thinks that â€Å"culture has to have some baring on and support the business idea or very important part of a company ion the senses that the values of the culture really influence the business itself. †Some certain factors need to be much stronger in some of the countries like cost consciousness in China. commitment of the organization Organizational commitment have it’s important place ,base on the knowl edge f organizational culture we would know that corporate culture shapes people’s behavior , and it had also brings big influence in organization, particularly in areas such as performance and commitment. Organizational Commitment is always known as the mentally strength of the attachment between an organizational and the employees, and also refer to the willingness of employee to put their time and energy to their corporate , other than the purely working relationship. According to Lahiry(1994), there was a model that organizational commitment is mixture with three element: affective, continence and nominative commitment that have brings lots of influence. According to Moradi, Hassan and Tohidy Ardahae ,affective commitment is build by three feature, that are belief and accept the organization’s goals and value,willing to put effort to achieve the goals and value of the corporate and desire to maintain the membership of the corporate. Continence commitment is that how many the firm need to pay for if the employee leave the firm. Nominative commitment means that employees feelings about bound of remaining the firm. According to Lahiry(1994), â€Å"practitioners should pay special attention that defensive culture patten were found to be positively related to continence commitment. † A high scale of continence commitment may tired up the employee to the firm. In the example of IKEA, the CEO ,Anders Dahvig said that in different countries and market there are different of the values ,national boundaries is not the main attention, It is more about personal , some of the time the difference between one store and another can be even bigger than the store between one country and another, how is the individual managers doing is much more important, because of the different level of the commitment the employee hold, it really influence the culture. Putting attention on culture is to be fair when you are hiring people, you assess and choose a person, then when the operation go on, you will know that a typical of behavior will be prized and it is the way to streamline . And employee can analyses if the value of the company is suitable for them or not. So the staff who leave are the people that having the organizational commitment . Overall performance For the organizational culture numbers of the research also show that to assume thepresence of a â€Å"strong† culture as a positive influence on orporate performance . According to Han(2012) , an analysis show that the impacts of types of organizational culture affects on corporate performance , showing that family-like clan culture and the entrepreneurial Adhocracy culture had a good influence on the growth of the financial performance. It also show that a strong ,appropriate culture brings effect on the financial performance . The relationship between them are direct, howe ver it always bring effect of strategic orientation. So if the managers put more time and effort a much stronger culture it will improve there performance through increasing interest in culture that employees will like, so the organizational commitment will certainly increase. In IKEA, they allow lots of freedom depending on their employee that who they are and what their specific skills are basing on their core culture value and they had try to connect there culture with their company image, and they also wants the leaders in the IKEA , build up their own style basis on there organizational culture. They also build there selling points base on one of their culture-cost consciousness, they are not the traditional furniture company that had target their customers as middle age people, but on the young families and young people that has low financial foundation and the furniture has to be assemble by yourself. For Organizational commitment, according to Lam (2011), â€Å"that salespeople’s dispositional competitiveness relates to their discretionary performance and that affective commitment mediates that relationship†. It had also provided more details evidence that competitive salespeople commit more emotionally to their corporate when they think their work atmosphere to be more competitive. That study show that affective commitment is another mediator, which helps to clarification why competitive employee are willing to perform discretionary activities behalf of organizations and customers. That findings had show that hiring person that share the same value and goals with the organization is important and affective commitment helps to explain why competitive individuals make good employees. The impact of a competitive personality on affective commitment is always interrelated , it explain that competitive individuals feel emotionally attached to the organizations. In IKEA, there were a lot of co-workers in the company, but there are some turnover of staff that affected in the company, so IKEA need to hire 20,000 new staff into the firm every year , they should get training to met customer basis on the value of the firm, it help the firm to build up their culture strongly and connected them the corporate image. They are also selected during the recruitment that share the same value as IKEA, Increasing the organizational commitment ,so the firm can decrease the percentage of turnover and reduce the expense on training new staff , and the loyalty of the employee will improve . The relationship between employee and organization is not purely working relationship. IKEA also give questionnaire to their co-workers of the feeling of the firm , and try to improve the satisfy of their employees. Conclusion For conclusion , strong organizational culture and organizational commitment have bring improvement to the overall performance of the firm , in management and financial . Strong organizational culture is the organizational culture that had been widely and deeply held by their employees , it help the corporate to improve their financial performance, For IKEA,they allow freedom to their leader to build their own management style basis on the value of their company ,they are also building their core value as there products selling points. Organizational commitment is a mentally strength of the attachment between the employee and the organization, it help the organization to decrease there staff turnover and reduce the expense on training, so strong organizational culture and Organizational commitment has increased the overall of the firm and people can understand much easily basing on the example of IKEA. References Daniel I. Prajogo, Christopher M. McDermott, (2011),†The relationship between multidimensional organizational culture and performance†, International Journal of Operations Production Management, Vol. 31 Iss: 7 pp. 712 – 735 Han, H. J. (2012). Corporate Culture, Strategic Orientation, and Financial Performance. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 53  (3), 207– 219. Hassan, M. Tohidy Ardahaey, F. (2012). The Role of Emotional Intelligence in  Organizational  Commitment  . social science research network,  . Jesper, B. The Strength of Corporate Culture and the Reliability of Firnn Performance. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Kling, K. Goteman, I. (2003). IKEA CEO Anders Dahlvig on international growth and IKEA’s unique corporate culture and brand identity. Academy o/ Management Executive, 17  (1). Lahiry, S. (1994). organization cultures, research studies Building organizational commitment through Organization culture. training and development, Lam (2011). Impact of compe titiveness on salespeople’s commitment and performance  . Journal of Business Research,  1328-1334. Lim, B. (1995). Examining the organizational culture and organizational performance link. Leadership Organization Development Journal, 16  (5), 16-21. Sun, S. (2008). Organizational Culture and Its Themes. International Journal Of Business and Management, 3  (1). Zabid, M. D. , Sambasivan, M. Johari, J. , The influence of corporate culture and organizational commitment on performance. Journal of Management Development,  . How to cite Management and Organization, Papers

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva free essay sample

Victor McKusick of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,who is considered the father of Medical Genetics. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare and disabling genetic condition of congenital skeletal malformation and progressive heterotopic ossification (HO), is the most catastrophic disorder of (HO) in humans. FOP causes immobility through progressive metamorphosis of skeletal muscle and soft connective tissue into a second skeleton of heterotopic bone. FOP is extremely rare with a worldwide prevalence of approximately one in a two million. There appears to be no ethnic, racial, gender or geographic predisposition. When observed, genetic transmission is autosomal dominant and can be inherited from either mother or father. Clinical features that define FOP patients are malformation of the great toes; and progressive HO in specific spatial patterns. There are two different type of FOP atypical and classic. FOP patients appear normal at the time of birth except for the characteristics malformation of the great toes which are present in all affected patients. We will write a custom essay sample on Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the first decade of life, children with FOP develop painful and highly inflammatory soft tissue swellings (or flare-ups) that transform soft connective tissues, including aponeuroses, fascia, ligaments, tendons and skeletal muscles, into an armament like encasement of bone. Ribbons, sheets and plates of heterotopic bone replace skeletal muscles and connective tissues through a process of endochondral ossification that leads to permanent immobility. Minor trauma such as intramuscular immunizations, mandibular blocks for dental work, muscle fatigue and blunt muscle trauma from bumps, bruises, falls or influenza – like illness can trigger painful new flare-ups of FOP leading to progressive HO. Patient with atypical form of FOP have been described. Surgical attempts to remove heterotopic bone commonly lead to episodes of explosive and painful new bone growth. Classic FOP is caused by a recurrent activating mutation in the gene ACVR1/ALK2 encoding Activin A receptor type I , a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor. FOP is commonly misdiagnosed as aggressive juvenile fibromatosis, lymphedema or soft tissue sarcomas. If clinical suspicion of FOP early in life on the basis of malformed great toes can lead to early clinical diagnosis and the avoidance of harmful diagnostic and treatment procedures to the patient; however plain x-rays can substantiate the presence of HO. Experts believe that 80% or more of the cases are misdiagnose and its prevalence may be much higher than known causing a great deal of pain and suffering for FOP patients and their families. At present, there is no cure for FOP. A high-dose corticosteroids treatment is indicated as first-line treatment within the first 24 hours of a flare-up. Most patients with FOP are required lifelong assistance in performing activities of daily living to prevent falls and avoid high-risk circumstances. For patients all the restriction of activity compromises their independence and result unacceptable on most cases, but due to the progressive immobility and severe weight loss may result following ankylosing of the jaw, as well as pneumonia and right-sided heart failure from thoracic insufficiency syndrome FOP patients need assistance. The lifespan of a patient with FOP is approximately 40 years of age and commonly die of complications of thoracic insufficiency syndrome. â€Å"Cause and cure† have always been the guiding principles in FOP research, while the mutation that causes classic FOP has been discovered, much work still remains to discover the exact genetic, cellular and molecular mechanism by which this mutation leads to the complex disease phenotype of skeletal malformations and use that knowledge to develop effective treatments and eventually a cure. The FOP gene discovery gives people with FOP great hope for the future. UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital http://www. ucsfbenioffchildrens. org/conditions/fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva/ International Fibrodysplacia Ossificans Progresiva Association http://www. ifopa. org/what-is-fop/history-of-fop. html National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC2424023/